Machine Design
A plate with an elliptical hole in the centre, with semi-major axis (a) perpendicular to the direction of loading and semi-minor axis (b) along the direction of loading, is subjected to a pull P. The maximum stress induced at the edge of the hole is equal to (where σ = Stress for a plate with no hole i.e. nominal stress)

σ [1 + (3a/b)]
σ [1 + (b/2a)]
σ [1 + (b/3a)]
σ [1 + (2a/b)]

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Machine Design
In an oil lubricated journal bearing, the coefficient of friction between the journal and the bearing

Is maximum at zero speed and decreases monotonically with increase in speed
Is minimum at zero speed and increases monotonically with increase in speed
Remains constant at all speeds
Becomes minimum at an optimum speed and then increases with further increase in speed

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