Machine Design
The permissible stress for carbon steel under static loading is generally taken as

3000-4000 kg/cm²
2000-3000 kg/m²
4000-4500 kg/cm²
7500-10,000 kg/cm²

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Machine Design
According to Rankine's theory, the failure occurs at a point in a member

When the maximum principal stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the elastic limit of the material in a simple tension test
When the strain energy per unit volume in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain energy at the elastic limit per unit volume as determined from a simple tension test
When the maximum principal strain in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain at the elastic limit as determined from a simple tension test
When the maximum shear stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the shear stress at elastic limit in a simple tension test

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Machine Design
Plastic flow in ductile materials

Lessens the seriousness of static loading stress concentration
Increases the seriousness of static loading stress concentration
Depends on other considerations
Has no effect on it

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