Machine Design
The permissible stress for carbon steel under static loading is generally taken as

4000-4500 kg/cm²
2000-3000 kg/m²
3000-4000 kg/cm²
7500-10,000 kg/cm²

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Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
None of these

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