Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

None of these
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets

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Machine Design
In case of thick cylinders, the tangential stress across the thickness of cylinder is

Maximum at the outer surface and minimum at the inner surface
Maximum at the inner surface and minimum at the outer surface
Maximum at the outer surface and zero at the inner surface
Maximum at the inner surface and zero at the outer surface

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