Machine Design
The effective stress in wire ropes during normal working is equal to the stress due to

Bending plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Axial load plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Axial load plus stress due to bending
Acceleration/retardation of masses plus stress due to bending

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Machine Design
In cross or regular lay ropes

Wires are not twisted
Direction of twist of wires and strands are same
Direction of twist of wires in strands is opposite to the direction of twist of strands
Wires in two adjacent strands are twisted in opposite direction

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