Electrical Machines
The armature shaft must be able to withstand

All of these
 bending moment due to weight of the armature.
 twisting strains due to transmission of torque.
 any unbalanced magnetic pull on the armature core.

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Electrical Machines
In a loaded DC generator, if the brushes are given a shift from the interpolar axis in the direction of rotation, then the commutation will

 deteriorate with fall of terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with rise in terminal voltage.
 improve with rise in terminal voltage.
 improve with fall of terminal voltage.

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