Electrical Machines
In a DC machine the armature mmf is

  stationary with respect to field poles.
  stationary with respect to armature.
 rotating with respect to field poles.
  rotating with respect to field poles as well as armature.

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Electrical Machines
Flashing the field of DC generator means

 increasing flux density by adding extra turns of winding.
  neutralising residual magnetism.
  making the magnetic losses forces parallel.
  creating residual magnetism by a DC source.

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