Electrical Machines
The armature mmf of a DC machine has

  triangular space distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.
  trapezoidal space distribution and is stationary in space.
 stepped distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.
  triangular space distribution and is stationary in space.

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Electrical Machines
In a loaded DC generator, if the brushes are given a shift from the interpolar axis in the direction of rotation, then the commutation will

 improve with fall of terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with fall of terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with rise in terminal voltage.
 improve with rise in terminal voltage.

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