Electrical Machines
A dc shunt generator, when driven without any excitation, showed an open circuit voltage of 12 V. When the field winding was excited, the voltage dropped to zero. It happened because

 there was no residual magnetism in the field circuit
 field winding was wrongly connected
 there was a break in the armature circuit
 field resistance was higher than critical resistance

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Electrical Machines
The residual magnetism of a self-excited dc generator is lost. To build up its emf again

 the field winding must be replaced
 field winding must be excited by low voltage dc supply
 the armature connection must be reversed
 the field winding connection must be reversed

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