Electrical Machines
The 3 - Φ induction motors are, by a very considerable margin, the most widely used AC motors as

  they have maximum efficiency and maximum starting torque.
  they have very good speed regulation.
  they are capable of operation under range of leading and lagging pf.
  these are cheaper in cost, simple and rugged in construction.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous reactance( Xs) is the

 reactance due to leakage flux
 reactance either due to armature reaction or leakage flux
 reactance due to armature reaction of the machine
 combined reactance due to armature reaction and leakage flux

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