Electrical Machines
Flashing of DC generator means

None of these
  increasing flux density by providing extra ampere-turns in field.
  creation of residual magnetism by a DC source.
 neutralization of residual magnetism.

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Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  both (A) and (B).
  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.
  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.
  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.

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