Electrical Machines
In a DC machine, for the same value of φ, Z and N; which one of the following statements is correct?

 Armature emf is less with wave winding than with lap winding.
  Armature emf is more with wave winding than with lap winding.
 Armature emf depends on weather the machine is running as a motor or generator.
 Armature emf is same as long as the flux density in the air gap remains the same.

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Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.
  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.
  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.
  both (A) and (B).

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