Electrical Machines
In an alternator, voltage drops occurs in

  armature resistance, leakage reactance, armature reaction and earth connection.
  armature resistance and leakage reactance.
  armature resistance only.
  armature resistance, leakage reactance and armature reaction.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  any of the above methods.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.

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