Electrical Machines
A dc shunt generator, when driven without any excitation, showed an open circuit voltage of 12 V. When the field winding was excited, the voltage dropped to zero. It happened because

 field winding was wrongly connected
 there was no residual magnetism in the field circuit
 there was a break in the armature circuit
 field resistance was higher than critical resistance

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Electrical Machines
In a synchronous generator with constant steam input supplies power to an infinite bus at a lagging power factor. If the excitation is increased

 both power angle and power factor decrease
 power angle decrease and power factor increase
 both power angle and power factor increase
 power angle increase and power factor decrease

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