Surveying
Size of a theodolite is specified by

the diameter of upper plate
the length of telescope
the diameter of vertical circle
the diameter of lower plate

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Surveying
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by

taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two
taking mean of several readings distributed over different portions of the graduated circle
reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two
double sighting

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