Surveying
If E is the spherical excess and R the radius of the earth, the surface area of the triangle, is

πR²E/90°
πR²E/270°
πR²E/180°
πR²E/360°

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Surveying
Contour interval is

Inversely proportional to the scale of the map
Directly proportional to the flatness of ground
Larger if the time available is more
Larger for accurate works

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