Surveying
If E is the spherical excess and R the radius of the earth, the surface area of the triangle, is

πR²E/270°
πR²E/180°
πR²E/360°
πR²E/90°

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Surveying
Which of the following errors can be eliminated by taking mean of bot face observations ?

error due to imperfect graduations
error due to line of collimation not being perpendicular to horizontal axis
error due to eccentricity of verniers
error due to imperfect adjustment of plate levels

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Surveying
If altitude bubble is provided both on index frame as well as on telescope of a theodolite, then the instrument is levelled with reference toi) altitude bubble on index frameii) altitude bubble on index frame if it is to be used as a leveliii) altitude bubble on telescopeiv) altitude bubble on telescope if it is to be used as a level The correct answer is

only (iii)
only (i)
both (ii) and (iii)
both (i) and (iv)

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