Surveying
If E is the spherical excess and R the radius of the earth, the surface area of the triangle, is

πR²E/360°
πR²E/90°
πR²E/180°
πR²E/270°

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Surveying
Transit rule of adjusting the consecutive coordinates of a traverse is used where

All of these
linear and angular measurements of the traverse are of equal accuracy
angular measurements are more accurate than linear measurements
linear measurements are more accurate than angular measurements

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