Surveying
If the altitudes of a star at its upper and lower transits are 60° 30' and 19° 30' respectively, the latitude of the place, is

60°
35°
45°
30°

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis
index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier
error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation
None of these

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