Power Systems
Reflection coefficient of voltage is Rv

 (Zl - Zs)/(Zs + Zl)
 2Zl/(Zs + Zl)
 (Zs - Zl)/(Zs + Zl)
 2Zs/(Zs + Zl)

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Power Systems
The draft tube is provided to

None of these
  increase the acting head on the water wheel.
 raise the water surface of the stream to create an artificial head.
 reduce the effect of water hammer.

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Power Systems
A lossless power system has to serve a load of 250 MW. There are two generators(G1 and G2) in the system with cost curves C1 and C2 respectively defined as follows: C1 = PG1+0.055P²G1 C2 = 3 PG2 + 0.03 P²G2 Where PG1 and PG2 are the MW injections from generators G1 and G2 respectively. Thus, the minimum cost dispatch will be

 PG1 = 150 MW and PG2 = 100 MW
 PG1 = 0 MW and PG2 = 250 MW
 PG1 = 100 MW and PG2 = 150 MW
 PG1 = 250 MW and PG2 = 0 MW

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