Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
None of these
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets

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Machine Design
In a hydrodynamic lubricated bearing

There is a thin film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing
There is a thick film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing
There is no lubricant between the journal and the bearing
The lubricant is forced between the journal and the bearing, by external pressure

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