Machine Design
Machine screws are

Similar to stud
Slotted for a screw driver and generally used with a nut
Used to prevent relative motion between two parts
Similar to small size tap bolts except that a greater variety of shapes of heads are available

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Machine Design
In the calculation of induced shear stress in helical springs, the Wahl's stress factor is used to take care of

Combined effect of transverse shear stress and bending stress in the wire
Combined effect of torsional shear stress and transverse shear stress in the wire
Combined effect of bending stress and curvature of the wire
Combined effect of transverse shear stress and curvature of wire

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