Operating System (OS)
Semaphores

synchronize critical resources to prevent deadlock
None of these
are used to do I/O
synchronize critical resources to prevent contention
are used for memory management

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Operating System (OS)
The advantage(s) of incorporating the macro processor into pass 1 is(are):

many functions do not have to be implemented twice.
None of these
All of these
Functions are combined and it is not necessary to create intermediate files as output from the macros processor and input to the assembler.
more flexibility is available to the programmer in that he may use all the features of the assembler in conjunction with macros.

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