Operating System (OS)
The advantage(s) of incorporating the macro processor into pass 1 is(are):

many functions do not have to be implemented twice.
more flexibility is available to the programmer in that he may use all the features of the assembler in conjunction with macros.
None of these
Functions are combined and it is not necessary to create intermediate files as output from the macros processor and input to the assembler.
All of these

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Operating System (OS)
Memory management is :

critical for even the simplest operating systems
not used in modern operating system
not used on multiprogramming systems
None of these
replaced with virtual memory on current systems

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