Operating System (OS)
Semaphores

are used to do I/O
synchronize critical resources to prevent deadlock
synchronize critical resources to prevent contention
None of these
are used for memory management

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Operating System (OS)
Addressing structure

All of these
are variations in the use of fundamental addressing structures, or some associated actions which are related to addressing.
None of these
defines the fundamental method of determining effective operand addresses
performs indicated operations on two fast registers of the machine and leave the result in one of the registers.

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