Electrical Machines
A dc shunt generator, when commissioned after a major repair of the field system, failed to build Up voltage. It was because

 field system lost residual magnetism
 field winding was wrongly connected
 there was a break in the armature circuit
 field resistance was higher than critical resistance

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Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.
 commutator action is not possible otherwise
 it reduces field structure iron losses
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution

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