Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  any of the above methods.

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Electrical Machines
Torque angle of a synchorous machine operating from a constant voltage bus is usually defined as the space angle between

 Stator mmf wave and resultant flux density.
 Rotor mmf wave and resultant flux density wave.
  Rotor mmf wave and stator mmf wave.
 Stator mmf wave and resultant mmf wave.

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