Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mach number is significant in

all of fhe above
supersonics, as with projectiles and jet propulsion
simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of dis-continuity, gravity force, and wave making effects, as with ship’s hulls
full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The intensity of pressure at any point, in a liquid, is

Directly proportional to the area of the vessel containing liquid
Inversely proportional to the depth of liquid from the surface
Directly proportional to the depth of liquid from the surface
Directly proportional to the length of the vessel containing liquid

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a large rectangular orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of the liquid above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of the liquid above the bottom of the orifice, b = Breadth of the orifice, and Cd = Coefficient of discharge)

Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H22 - H12)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H21/2 - H11/2)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H23/2 - H13/2)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H2 - H1)

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