Mass Transfer
In an operating distillation column, the

Highest temperature is encountered at the top of the column
Driving force for the liquid flow is its specific weight
Vapors and liquids are at their dew point and bubble point respectively
Driving force for the vapor flow is the pressure drop, as the pressure decreases gradually from the bottom to the top of the column

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Mass Transfer
In a counter-current liquid extractor

Both liquids can have any desired flow rate
Liquid's flow rate depends upon the temperature and pressure
Both liquids flow at fixed rate
Only one of the liquids may be pumped at any desired rate

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Mass Transfer
The term "approach" in a cooling tower refers to the difference in the temperature of the

Cold water leaving the tower and the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air
Hot water entering the tower and the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air
None of these
Hot water entering and the cooled water leaving the cooling tower

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