Mass Transfer
Steam distillation is not recommended to be used, if the

Liquids decompose, if distilled directly at atmospheric pressure
Material to be distilled is thermally unstable or has the tendency to react with other components associated with it, at the boiling temperature
Material can not be distilled by indirect heating even under low pressure, because of the high boiling temperature
Azeotropic mixture is to be separated and the final product is miscible with water

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Mass Transfer
In a counter-current liquid extractor

Both liquids flow at fixed rate
Liquid's flow rate depends upon the temperature and pressure
Only one of the liquids may be pumped at any desired rate
Both liquids can have any desired flow rate

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