Process Equipment and Plant Design
Le/D for fully open gate valves would be

Much less (say 2% than that for fully open globe valves)
Both B and C
Much more than that for fully open globe valves
Around 7

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout
Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"
Equal to the tube diameter
More than the tube diameter

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