Process Equipment and Plant Design
Le/D for fully open gate valves would be

Both B and C
Much less (say 2% than that for fully open globe valves)
Much more than that for fully open globe valves
Around 7

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the logarithmic mean temperature difference

Is always less than arithmetic average value
May be either more or less than geometric mean and arithmetic mean value depending upon whether the flow of stream is co-current or counter-current
Is always more than arithmetic mean value and the geometric mean value
Is always less than arithmetic mean value, but more than geometric mean value

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Weep holes provided in the plates of a distillation column

All of these
Are normally located near the overflow weir so that any delivery of liquid during operation follows approximately the same path as the overflow fluid
Must be large enough (usually 1/4" to 5/8" dia) to prevent plugging but should not deliver excessive amount of fluid during operation
Facilitate draining out liquid from a tray when the unit is not in operation

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