Mass Transfer
Solvent extraction is the terminology applied to the liquid-liquid extraction, which is preferred for the separation of the components of liquids, when

Viscosity of liquid components is very high
One of the liquid components has very high affinity towards the solvent
One of the liquid components is heat sensitive
Extracting solvent is cheaply & abundantly available

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Mass Transfer
Steam distillation is not recommended to be used, if the

Material can not be distilled by indirect heating even under low pressure, because of the high boiling temperature
Liquids decompose, if distilled directly at atmospheric pressure
Material to be distilled is thermally unstable or has the tendency to react with other components associated with it, at the boiling temperature
Azeotropic mixture is to be separated and the final product is miscible with water

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