Mass Transfer
In McCabe-Thiele method of theoretical plate calculation for a distillation column, the operating lines of stripping and rectifying sections coincide with the diagonal at __________ reflux.

Operating
Maximum permissible
Minimum
Total

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Mass Transfer
If the solubilities of different components (in a liquid-liquid extraction system) increase with rise in temperature, then the temperature above which they dissolve completely is known as the critical solution temperature (CST or consolute temperature). If solubilities increase with decrease in temperature, then CST is the temperature below which they dissolve completely. If a binary system has no critical solution temperature, it implies that

On heating, a vapor phase will appear ; while on cooling, a solid phase will appear
The system comprises of an azeotrope
The system comprises of miscible liquids
The system comprises of partially mis-cible liquids

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Mass Transfer
Entrainer used in azeotropic distillation should

Form a low boiling azeotrope with one of the constituents of the mixture
Have high viscosity to provide high tray efficiency
Have high latent heat of vaporisation
Form a new azeotrope of low relative volatility with one of the constituents of the mixture

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