Mass Transfer
Steam distillation is not recommended to be used, if the

Material can not be distilled by indirect heating even under low pressure, because of the high boiling temperature
Azeotropic mixture is to be separated and the final product is miscible with water
Material to be distilled is thermally unstable or has the tendency to react with other components associated with it, at the boiling temperature
Liquids decompose, if distilled directly at atmospheric pressure

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Mass Transfer
McCabe-Thiele method

Uses weight fractions to express liquid and vapour composition
Uses molal units for material and energy balance
Is more accurate than Ponchan-Savarit method
Can use any type of units

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Mass Transfer
Inside the distillation column, the

Pressure increases gradually from bottom to the top of the column
Liquids are not always at their bubble points
Driving force for the vapour flow is the pressure drop
None of these

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