Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the expansion

Starts at 30° after top dead center and ends at 50° after bottom dead center
Starts at 30° before top dead center and ends at 50° before bottom dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at bottom dead center
May start and end anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
The exhaust valve in a four stroke cycle petrol engine

Opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
May open and close anywhere
Opens at 50° before bottom dead center and closes at 15° after top dead center
Opens at 50° after bottom dead center and closes at 15° before top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The compensating jet in a carburettor supplies almost constant amount of petrol at all speeds because the

Flow is produced due to the static head in the float chamber
Jet area is automatically varied depending on the suction
The flow from the main jet is diverted to the compensating jet with increase in speed
The diameter of the jet is constant and the discharge coefficient is invariant

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