Machine Design
In order to avoid tearing of the plate at an edge, the distance from the centre line of the rivet hole to the nearest edge of the plate should be equal to (where d = Diameter of rivet hole)

1.5 d
1 d
2 d
2.5 d

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Machine Design
In composite or reverse laid ropes

Direction of twist of wires and strands are same
Wires in two adjacent strands are twisted in opposite direction
Direction of twist of wires in strands is opposite to the direction of twist of strands
Wires are not twisted

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