Machine Design
In order to avoid tearing of the plate at an edge, the distance from the centre line of the rivet hole to the nearest edge of the plate should be equal to (where d = Diameter of rivet hole)

1 d
2.5 d
2 d
1.5 d

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Machine Design
Jam nut is a locking device in which

One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming
Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter spitted and bent in reverse direction at other end
A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip
A slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening a screw

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Machine Design
For same pulley diameters, center distance, belt speed and belt and pulley materials,

Crossed belt drive transmits more power than open belt drive
Open belt drive transmits more power than crossed belt drive
Open and crossed belt drives transmit same power
Power transmission does not depend upon open and crossed types of constructions

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Machine Design
Slenderness ratio is the ratio of

Effective length of column to least radius of gyration of the column
Width of column to depth of column
Maximum size of column to minimum size of column
Effective length of column to width of column

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