Machine Design
In order to avoid tearing of the plate at an edge, the distance from the centre line of the rivet hole to the nearest edge of the plate should be equal to (where d = Diameter of rivet hole)

1.5 d
2 d
1 d
2.5 d

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Machine Design
A bolt of M 24 × 2 means that

The nominal diameter of bolt is 24 mm and pitch is 2 mm
Cross-sectional area of the threads is 24 mm²
The effective diameter of bolt is 24 mm and there are 2 threads per cm
The pitch of the thread is 24 mm and depth is 2 mm

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