Internal Combustion Engines
The purpose of testing an internal combustion engine is

To conform the data used in design, the validity of which may be doubtful
To determine the information, which cannot be obtained by calculations
To satisfy the customer regarding the performance of the engine
All of these

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the expansion

Starts at 30° after top dead center and ends at 50° after bottom dead center
May start and end anywhere
Starts at 30° before top dead center and ends at 50° before bottom dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at bottom dead center

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