Electrical Machines
In DC generators brushes are used for

 reduce eddy current loss
 collecting of voltage
 collecting of current without any sparkings
 convert ac armature current in to dc

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Electrical Machines
In a synchronous motor when the rotor speed exceeds the synchronous speed during hunting

  the damper bars develop synchronous motor torque.
  the damper bars develop induction generator torque.
  negative sequence currents are generated.
  the damper bars develop induction motor torque.

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