Electrical Machines
In a synchronous machine, if the field flux axis is ahead of the armature field axis in the direction of rotation, the machine operating is

  asynchronous motor.
  synchronous generator.
  synchronous motor.
  asynchronous generator.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  any of the above methods.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.

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