Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

Equal to the tube diameter
More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout
Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"
More than the tube diameter

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall tray efficiency of a distillation column is the ratio of the number of

Real trays required to the number of ideal trays required
Overall gas transfer units to the number of ideal trays required
None of these
Ideal trays required to the number of real trays required

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