Machine Design
In a multiple V-belt drive, when a single belt is damaged, it is preferable to change the complete set in order to

Ensure proper alignment
Reduce vibration
Ensure uniform loading
Reduce slip

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Machine Design
Castle nut is a locking device in which

A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip
One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming
A slot is cut partly is middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening a screw
Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter pin spitted and bent in reverse direction at other end

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Machine Design
The angle of twist of shaft is

Directly proportional to (shaft diameter)⁴
Inversely proportional to (shaft diameter)²
Inversely proportional to (shaft diameter)⁴
Directly proportional to (shaft diameter)²

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