Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the expansion

Starts at 30° after top dead center and ends at 50° after bottom dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at bottom dead center
May start and end anywhere
Starts at 30° before top dead center and ends at 50° before bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center

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