Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the expansion

Starts at 30° after top dead center and ends at 50° after bottom dead center
May start and end anywhere
Starts at top dead center and ends at bottom dead center
Starts at 30° before top dead center and ends at 50° before bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center
May open and close anywhere
Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center

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