Electrical Machines
Commutation in a DC machine may be explained as a process

  in which magnetic field is set up.
 how alternate flux affects the main field flux.
 by virtue of which emf is induced in the armature conductors.
  by which electric current in a coil is reversed.

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Electrical Machines
The compensating winding in a DC machine

 is located in armature slots for compensation of the armature reaction.
 is located on commutating poles for improving commutation.
  is located on pole shoes to avoid the sparking at the brushes.
  is located on pole shoes for avoiding the flashover at the commutator.

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