Electrical Machines
Torque angle of a synchorous machine operating from a constant voltage bus is usually defined as the space angle between

 Stator mmf wave and resultant mmf wave.
 Stator mmf wave and resultant flux density.
  Rotor mmf wave and stator mmf wave.
 Rotor mmf wave and resultant flux density wave.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  any of the above methods.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.

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Electrical Machines
In a loaded DC generator, if the brushes are given a shift from the interpolar axis in the direction of rotation, then the commutation will

 deteriorate with rise in terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with fall of terminal voltage.
 improve with rise in terminal voltage.
 improve with fall of terminal voltage.

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