Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.
  both (A) and (B).
  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.
  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.

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Electrical Machines
Torque angle of a synchorous machine operating from a constant voltage bus is usually defined as the space angle between

 Rotor mmf wave and resultant flux density wave.
 Stator mmf wave and resultant mmf wave.
  Rotor mmf wave and stator mmf wave.
 Stator mmf wave and resultant flux density.

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