Electrical Machines
If iron loss and full load copper loss of any transformer are denoted by Pi and Pc, then the load corresponding to maximum efficiency is given by

 (Pi / Pc)2 × full Load.
  (Pi / Pc)0.5 × Full Load.
 (Pi / Pc)1.6 × full Load.
 (Pi / Pc) × full Load.

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Electrical Machines
In a loaded DC generator, if the brushes are given a shift from the interpolar axis in the direction of rotation, then the commutation will

 improve with fall of terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with fall of terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with rise in terminal voltage.
 improve with rise in terminal voltage.

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