Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Overall efficiency of a centrifugal pump is the ratio of

Energy available at the impeller to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover
Actual work-done by the pump to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover
Energy supplied to the pump to the energy available at the impeller
Manometric head to the energy supplied by the impeller per kN of water

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used

To prevent air to enter the turbine
To transport water to downstream
To run the turbine full
To increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above the tail race

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