Surveying
If the staff is not held vertical at a level¬ling station, the reduced level calculated from the observation would be

true R.L.
less than true R.L.
more than true R.L.
None of these

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Surveying
The meridian of a place is

A great circle passing through the place and the poles
A semi-circle which passes through the place and is terminated at the poles
A great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and it also passes through the place
An arc of the great circle which passes through the place and is perpendicular to the equator

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Surveying
Which of the following errors can be eliminated by taking mean of bot face observations ?

error due to imperfect adjustment of plate levels
error due to imperfect graduations
error due to line of collimation not being perpendicular to horizontal axis
error due to eccentricity of verniers

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