Surveying
If the focal length of the object glass is 25 cm and the distance from object glass to the trunnion axis is 15 cm, the additive constant is

0.1
1.33
0.6
0.4

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Surveying
Homologous points are

Nodal points of the camera lens
Plumb points of stereo pair of photographs
Corresponding points on the ground and photograph
Opposite corners of a photograph

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Surveying
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by

taking mean of several readings distributed over different portions of the graduated circle
double sighting
reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two
taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two

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