Surveying
Local attraction in compass surveying may exist due to

presence of magnetic substances near the instrument
loss of magnetism of the needle
friction of the needle at the pivot
incorrect levelling of the magnetic needle

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis
None of these
index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier
error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation

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