Surveying
If ‘δ’ is the declination of the star and ‘φ’ is the latitude of the observer then the hour angle of the star at elongation is given by

cos H = tan φ . cot δ
sin H = tan φ . cot δ
tan H = tan φ . cot δ
None of these

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Surveying
For mapping any country

All listed here
Geodetic triangulation of greatest possible sides and accuracy is carried out
Secondary triangles are further broken into third and fourth order triangles, the points of which are used for detail surveys
Primary triangles are broken down into secondary triangles of somewhat lesser accuracy

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