Surveying
While making astronomical observations, the observer is mainly concerned with

The direction of the poles of the celestial sphere
The direction of the star from the instrument
The direction of the vertical, the axis of rotation of the instrument
All listed here

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Surveying
Refraction correction

adds to the curvature correction
completely eliminates curvature correction
has no effect on curvature correction
partially eliminates curvature correction

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Surveying
If altitude bubble is provided both on index frame as well as on telescope of a theodolite, then the instrument is levelled with reference toi) altitude bubble on index frameii) altitude bubble on index frame if it is to be used as a leveliii) altitude bubble on telescopeiv) altitude bubble on telescope if it is to be used as a levelThe correct answer is

both (i) and (iv)
only (iii)
both (ii) and (iii)
only (i)

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Surveying
Systematic errors

All listed here
Always follow some definite mathematical law
Can be removed by applying corrections to the observed values
Are also known as cumulative errors

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