Surveying
The rate of change of parallax dp/dh with respect to change in h, may be expressed as

fB/(H + h)²
fB/(H - h)²
fB/(H + h)
fB/(H - h)

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Surveying
The rise and fall method

is less accurate than height of instrument method
is not suitable for levelling with tilting levels
quicker and less tedious for large number of intermediate sights
provides a check on the reduction of intermediate point levels

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