Surveying
If ‘δ’ is the declination of the star and ‘φ’ is the latitude of the observer, then the azimuth of the star at elongation is given by

sin z = sec φ . cos δ
cos z = sec φ . cos δ
None of these
tan z = sec φ . cos δ

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Surveying
If the lower clamp screw is tightened and upper clamp screw is loosened, the theodolite may be rotated

on its outer spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and gra-duated scale of lower plate
on its inner spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate
on its outer spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and graduated scale of lower plate
on its inner spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate

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