Surveying
If ‘δ’ is the declination of the star and ‘φ’ is the latitude of the observer, then the azimuth of the star at elongation is given by

tan z = sec φ . cos δ
sin z = sec φ . cos δ
None of these
cos z = sec φ . cos δ

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Surveying
Which of the following errors is not eliminated by the method of repetition of horizontal angle measurement ?

error due to displacement of station signals
error due to eccentricity of verniers
error due to inaccurate graduation
error due to wrong adjustment of line of collimation and trunnion axis

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