Surveying
The latitude of the observer's position, is

Angular distance along the observer's meridian between equator and the observer
Elevation of the elevated pole
Declination of the observer's zenith
All listed here

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Surveying
Normal tension is that pull which

is used at the time of standardising the tape
makes the correction due to pull equal to zero
neutralizes the effect due to pull and sag
makes the correction due to sag equal to zero

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