Surveying
The latitude of the observer's position, is

Angular distance along the observer's meridian between equator and the observer
Declination of the observer's zenith
All listed here
Elevation of the elevated pole

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Surveying
The rise and fall method

quicker and less tedious for large number of intermediate sights
provides a check on the reduction of intermediate point levels
is not suitable for levelling with tilting levels
is less accurate than height of instrument method

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