Electrical Machines
If a transformer has turns ratio K, the primary and secondary current are I1 and I2 respectively and magnetizing current and core loss component of no load current Iμ and Iw respectively, then

 I1 = KI2 + Iw.
 I1 = KI2 + Iμ.
  I1 = KI2 + Iw + Iμ.ok
 I1 = KI2.

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Electrical Machines
A dc shunt generator, when commissioned after a major repair of the field system, failed to build Up voltage. It was because

 field winding was wrongly connected
 field resistance was higher than critical resistance
 there was a break in the armature circuit
 field system lost residual magnetism

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