Electrical Machines
If a transformer has turns ratio K, the primary and secondary current are I1 and I2 respectively and magnetizing current and core loss component of no load current Iμ and Iw respectively, then

 I1 = KI2.
 I1 = KI2 + Iμ.
  I1 = KI2 + Iw + Iμ.ok
 I1 = KI2 + Iw.

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Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 commutator action is not possible otherwise
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution
 it reduces field structure iron losses
 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.

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