Electrical Machines
To have sparkless commutation, the armature reaction effect in a DC machine is neutralized by

 shifting the brush axis from GNA to MNA.
 fixing the brush axis inline with the pole axis.
 increasing field excitation.
  compensating winding and commutating poles.

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Electrical Machines
For an ideal transformer the winding should have

 no ohmic resistance on either side
 equal resistance on primary and secondary side
 minimum resistance on primary side and maximum resistance on secondary side
 maximum resistance on primary side and least resistance on secondary side

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