Electrical Machines
To have sparkless commutation, the armature reaction effect in a DC machine is neutralized by

 fixing the brush axis inline with the pole axis.
  compensating winding and commutating poles.
 increasing field excitation.
 shifting the brush axis from GNA to MNA.

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Electrical Machines
In a DC shunt generator working on load, the brushes are moved forward in the direction of rotation, as a result of this, commutation will

  worsen and terminal voltage will rise.
  worsen and terminal voltage will fall
 improve but terminal voltage will fall.
  improve and terminal voltage will rise .

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